Plant Journeys blog post #3 – Cherry: setting for spring picnics
Our current display at Broughton House, Plant Journeys, includes a wonderful selection of plant-inspired Japanese objects collected by ‘Glasgow Boy’ Edward Atkinson Hornel when he was in Japan in 1893–4 and again in the 1920s. In this series, researcher Dr Minna Törmä explores the same plants by season, highlighting the history of their introduction into Europe, their meaning and significance in Eastern cultures and what makes each one so special.
Cherry belongs to the genus of Prunus which covers other flowering fruit trees such as plum, peach and apricot. The Japanese became fascinated with the blossoming cherry early on, whereas in China it was the plum blossoms which captivated the hearts of poets and painters.
Japanese cherries entered the European imagination in the late 17th century (1692) through the writings of Engelbert Kaempfer (1651–1716). For the broader Western public, cherry trees could be enjoyed in the World Exhibitions and the first time the Japanese showed them in their section was in Paris 1900. By then, cherry blossom imagery had become available through Japanese woodblock prints, like that pictured below. Depictions of spring picnics are featured in scenes showing crowds of people gathered to enjoy the blossoms in famous cherry-viewing sites such as Yoshino.
We are told that the Japanese poet Saigyō (Buddhist name of Fujiwara no Norikiyo, 1118–90) made multiple trips to Yoshino and even built a temporary hut there. The beauty of the blossoms deeply touched him.
The cherry’s branches
set all aflame
with blossom
morning mist
drifting like smoke
[Meredith McKinney, trans. Gazing at the Moon: Buddhist Poems of Solitude – Saigyō (Boulder: Shambala, 2021), p. 99]
In fact, what captivated the Japanese was the fleeting nature of cherry blossoms: not just their beauty but also the shortness of their existence. This is why, after World War II, cherry blossoms were used as a symbol by kamikaze pilots who adorned their planes with them before embarking on suicide missions against US Navy vessels near Okinawa.
This aspect of cherry’s cultural biography is told by Naoko Abe in a book which focuses on Collingwood Ingram (1880–1981), an Englishman who was passionate about cherry trees and is known as ‘Cherry’ Ingram [Naoko Abe, ‘Cherry’ Ingram: The Englishman Who Saved Japan’s Blossoms (London: Chatto & Windus, 2019)]. Ingram knew Manabu Miyoshi (1861–1939) whose beautifully produced two-volume catalogue of wild mountain cherries was published in 1921. Hornel had this publication in his collection of Japanese souvenirs, and it is shown in the Plant Journeys exhibition at Broughton House.
Poems of cherry blossom viewing could also have a humorous twist to them as in the following one by Nishiyama Sōin (1605–82):
viewing cherry-blossoms
is also
a pain in the neck
[Stephen Addiss, The Art of Haiku: Its History through Poems and Paintings by Japanese Masters (Boston, MA: Shambala Publications, 2012), p. 69]
Dr Törmä’s research can be explored further in a new exhibition. Plant Journeys: Stories of East Asian Plants in Hornel’s Home and Garden, runs from now until 31 October at Broughton House, Kirkcudbright.
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