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25 Feb 2025

Rare fly discovered at Mar Lodge Estate

Written by Blue Kirkhope
A small black fly stands on a red granite boulder.
The rare Arctic wave dancer fly
The National Trust for Scotland team at Mar Lodge Estate National Nature Reserve [NNR] is celebrating another discovery of a rare and threatened fly species, affectionately known as the Arctic wave dancer.

The Arctic wave dancer fly (Wiedemmania simplex) has been discovered at a new site on Mar Lodge Estate NNR. This tiny Ice Age relic can only develop in cold, deep and pure water, making the Cairngorms’ high-altitude lochs a suitable home for the species. During its short adult life span in the summer months, it can be found clinging to lochside boulders, displaying its unique courtship dance.

The Arctic wave dancer displays its courtship dance on a granite boulder on the edges of Lochain Uaine.

A search for the species by entomologist Iain MacGowan (Entomology Research Associate at National Museums Scotland) and Trust staff in July 2024 found the Arctic wave dancer dancing on the edges of Lochain Uaine and its granite boulders, 950m high and in the shadow of Ben Macdui. It has never been recorded here before.

Three lochs in the Cairngorms, two of which are in the care of our conservation charity, are the only known sites for the Arctic wave dancer in the UK. Its nearest populations are in the Arctic regions of Finland, Norway and Russia. The species was initially rediscovered by Iain MacGowan at Loch Avon in 2018; in 2020 it was discovered for the first time by MacGowan at Loch Etchachan on Mar Lodge Estate.

Due to the specific cold water temperatures required for the species to thrive, the Arctic wave dancer is one of the insect species most at risk from climate change and is one of the Trust’s research priority species in our Plan for Nature. This discovery highlights the range of habitats and species in our care as well as our role in protecting and conserving wildlife in the country’s changing natural environment, through targeted conservation efforts, including habitat restoration and monitoring programmes.

Andrew Painting, the National Trust for Scotland’s Conservation Officer at Mar Lodge Estate NNR, said: ‘The Arctic wave dancer lives in about as remote and challenging an environment as you can find in Scotland, so finding it at a new site was a wonderful surprise, and is a testament to the hard work and skill of dedicated entomologists like Iain MacGowan. Our charity is responsible for protecting the nature in our care and the discovery of one of Britain’s rarest species at Mar Lodge Estate is evidence of nature’s resilience and the importance of our conservation work.’ 

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“Every species we protect is a step towards safeguarding Scotland’s nature, beauty and heritage for everyone.”
Andrew Painting
Conservation Officer

Entomologist Iain MacGowan said: ‘Although it’s small, this fly is of enormous importance to the Cairngorms and the wider British Isles. Living in only a few of the high-altitude lochs, it is on the front line when it comes to meeting the challenge of climate change. Finding it at its highest-level site, 950m at Lochan Uaine, will hopefully ensure that the populations will be better able to withstand the effects of a warming climate. We must continue to monitor this iconic species and carry out further surveys of other potential sites.’

A small black fly stands on a red granite boulder.
The Arctic wave dancer on the granite edges of Lochain Uaine

Launched in 2024, the Trust’s Plan for Nature outlines our ambitions for conserving the nature in our care and will play an important part in delivering government commitments for nature, including the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy, and tackling the nature and climate crises.

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